qertcamera.blogg.se - Medium income slavania

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Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. The results emphasize the need of a dual perspective on solidarity, a national and a pan-European, and the importance of reflecting further on the need of mutual insurance and true solidarity across borders. It is also observed that no country succeeded in reducing the EU-wide low-income proportion while also reducing the at-risk-of-poverty rate.

This indicates an important change in the composition of the bottom of the pan-European income distribution. The analysis reveals that living standards in the new EU Member States have improved in comparison with the EU-wide median, while living standards in the crisis-hit Southern European countries have deteriorated. Using EU-SILC data from 2008 to 2014, it compares income levels across countries, after accounting for average price differences, focusing on levels and trends of the EU-wide low-income proportion and the EU-wide low-income gap. This chapter examines trends at the lower tail of the EU-wide distribution of disposable household incomes.